Method and apparatus for shaping articles of glass



v. o. cORNwELL `ET AL METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR` SHAPING ARTICLES 0FGLASS Fil'edugrcn 1'?, 1923 2 sl-Lets-sneeg-l w* ww, QN S. n MN f Nni-gu 0. domweg INVENTR.

v ATTORNEY.

v ..9 1 I v Aug 927 v. o. CQRNWELL ET AL METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR,SHAPI-NG ARTICLES 0F GLASS Filed Marien 17, 1923 2 sheets-sneer. 2

. Virgil 0;, rCorr/mieli,...

" Albe/f Maezzef WENT 'VIRGIL O. GORNWELL AN D ALBERT MOELLER,OECOLUMBUS, OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO THE FEDERAL' GLASS COMPANY, OF COLUMBUS,4OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING ARTICLES F GLASS.

Application led March 17, 1923. Serial No. 625,718.

Our invention relates to l. method and apparatus for shaping articles ofglass and,

f more particularly to method and apparatus for shaping tumblers,dishes, vases and other similar glass articles.

-In the case yof hotels, restaurants and n other places where it iscustomary to handle and use a large number ofu tumblers, much 'loss isexperienced due to breakage and chippage when using straight-sided'turnblers.4

Breakage or chippage takes place as a result of the tumblers contactingat their top edges, for instance` when several tumblersl are grasped,Side by side,.in one han-d and also as the result of nesting a large orsmall quantity of tumblers.

Heretofore, in order to eliminate breakage and chippage loss due to thehereinbefore mentioned causes, it .has been proposed to shape or cup inlthe top-edges ofthe tumblers in lsuch .a manner and to such an'extentthatitheycannot be nested, nor will the top edges contact when lseveralVtumblers are grasped side by side in one hand or Aothermethod of cuppingin or similarly shaping tumblers, The hand method comprises the formingof a straight-sided tumbler by pressing or blowingor 'any other ,methodv known inthe art, such straight-sided tum-- bler being commonly calleda blank. After the blank is formed, it is then reheated in any .desiredmanner, such as in a glory hole,

and the shaping is then effected by 'rotating the blank and shaping theglass with a suitably provided buer or wooden paddle. The

hand method requires much time in manipulation and, at itsbest, 'is mostunsatisfactory because the product resulting therefrom is not uniform inshape or thickness, which is quite-natural since uniformity must dependupon the eye of the workman. This is a very ldetrimental aspect whenviewed from a commercial standpoint. Also, the hand method necessitatesthe use of highly skilled labor and very slow working with a resultantAlso, due to vthe plastic Condit-ion of the glass, the tumbler tends tolose its shape which together with the objections hereinv I beforestated makes the lcupped in or simi-4 larly shaped tumblers produced bysuch means and methods unfit for commercial use.

One ofthe objects of our invention is to provide an automatic method andmeans for cupping in or similarly shaping tumblers, dishes, vases orsimilar glass articles whereby uniformity of product is effected andinsured.`

Another object is to eliminate the Ause of skilled workmen and increaseproduction whereby the cost of production is 'greatly reduced.

Still another object is to provide lan auto- 'matic means for cupping inor similarlyv shaping tumblers, dishes, vases or other similar glass'articles whereby defects heretofore prevalent in automatic andsemi-automatic methods are overcome, resulting 1n a commerciallysuccessful product.

Other and further obJects w1 by referringl to the specificationfollowing ll be obvious,

and to the drawings attached hereto and -i made' a part hereof,wherein-f- Figure lis a perspective view of an apparatus employingourinvention, showing part of the operating mechanism in section.

Fi ure 2Vis an enlarged detail sectional -view of the blank lshaping`means in shaping 'position on the blank.

, Figure 3 is an enlarged detail sectional view of the blank shaping'means in position labove the blank andl before it has moved down'uponthe blank.

Figure` 4 is an enlarged detail sectional view of the valve mechanismVfor control- Jing the movement of the shaping-means.

Figure 5 is an enlarged top View of a Athe blank being shown in section.

Figure 6 is a side View of the structure shown in Figure with only aportion of the support for carrying the blank being v maticallysupplyin' shown.

Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the stem extension portion of thecontrol valve o p- `erating mechanism.

Figure 8 is an enlarged view of the outer end of the valve stem of thecontrol valve operating mechanism.

Figure 9 is an enlarged bottom View ot, the valve in the shaping meansfor controllingthe admission of fluid pressure to the interior of theblank.

Figure 10 is a top view of the differential piston structure showing themanner in Which such structure is mounted and supported.

In carrying out our invention, it isiirst necessary for the article. tobe partially shaped into what isxcommonly called a blank, this partialshaping being accomplished by pressing or blowing inaJ mold or by anyother known or applied means. In the case of a tumbler, the partiallysha'ped article so formed resembles a straight-sided tumbler and in eachinstance where the same is hereinafter mentioned, such partially formedarticle vwill be referred to as a blank. l

In shaping glassware, such as tumblers or other similar glass articles,in accordance with our method and our apparatus, we provide a suitableheating chamber to which the articles to be shaped are transferred. Wehave ,shown no means for forming the glass blank, but itpis understoodthat this blank may be formed by any desired method and means such asby` pressing or blowing. After the tumbler blank has been formed andremoved from the forming'means, it is transferred to and carried throughthe heating, chamber'. through the heating chamber and has been heatedto the proper temperature and isin the desired plastic state, a shapingmeans is caused to move upon the said plastic blank,

and form the same to (the desired shape. This action is accomplishedautomatically and without -human intervention.`

In the shaping of certain kinds of Ware, we provide means :forsupporting and snapmg the internal wall of the tumbler. This is done sothat nocrinkling or deformation of the inner wall will take place duringthe shaping of theblank. To accomplislilthis, when desired, `we providemeans for autoterior of the la'sszblank being shaped, this action beinge ected simultaneously with the external shaping of the tumbler., Ineffecting this, we provide with our shaping means and `for the operationof the same, suitably After the blank has passed y shaping.

uid pressure to the inv able notto employ any internal shaping or ysupporting means and it is obvious that our invention may be soemployed, without departing from its scope, by merely cutting off theHuid pressure employed for that purpose. However, we have found that theuse of an internal supporting or shaping means is importantin someclasses of ware.

We have shown our method as used in onnection with a continuously movingconveyor which carries the blanks through the heating chamber. It ishighly desirable in` uniformly shaping the blank, that the externalshaping means shallcontact uniformly with the blank at predeterminedtimes and we accomplish this by providing for the.

timing of the movement of the shaping means in relation to the movementof the blank carrier, the said movement ofV the shaping means to shapethe blank being controlled by and operating synchronously with themovement of the blank carrier. By such provision the shaping of theblank may beeected while the blank is in motion and withoutdisturbingitstravel.

Furthermore, in carrying out our invention, it is necessary that themovement of the shaping means .to and from the blank be accomplished atpredetermined times whilel the blank`is therebeneath and before it movestherefrom sc as to prevent any deformation of the 4glass article by theshaping means.

To 'effect this, `We provide a novel form of snap actin controlmechanism, the opera-- tion of' which isdependent upon the movement ofthe blank carrier through the heat- 'ing chamber. This control mechanismis so employed that the shaping means .is moved v uponl and awa from theblank in a minimum length o time so that'it is in contact v with theblank only momentarily'.

Referring particularly tothe drawings, the numeral 1 represents aheating chamber having a blank conveyor 2 passing through the same. Thisconveyor 2 maybe of any desired construction and l'may 'be moved in anydesired manner Vto suit the preference of the user. The heating chamber1 is heated to such a de ee that the glass blank when passing theretrough will bel heated to a higher degree than when its formation by theforming .means is completed and will hesuiciently plastic to permit the`desired carrier 2 (see vFigure 1) are blank'supports,

each of which comprises a seat portion .31. is rigidly ksecured tol seatportions 3 on lthe carrier 2. The blanksy may be removed from the blankforming apparatus placed as shown by any suite' ioo lun

Arranged at .intervals'upon the.

lill

able and desired means. .The blank is top of the cdllar 11. It will benoted that shown at a position on the carrier 2 before passing throughthe heating chamber 1 and vthe blank 6'is shown at 'a position intheheating chamber 1. Numerals 7 and 8 represent shaped tumblers inposition in their.

respective supports 3 onvthe carrier 2. vThe tumbler 7 is shown at a.position beneath .glass blank shaped b the shaping' head 9 while thetumbler 8 is shown at a position afterit has been shaped l and movedbeyond the shaping head 9.

.Our invention is shown as applied to the cupping in of tumblers and, 1neffecting such shaping of the tumbler blank, we employ an automaticallyreciprocating shaping head 9 which is adapted to move down and over theglass blank to shape it. The shapin .head 9 isl best shown in Figure 2of the rawings. It may comprise a bottom bell-shaped portion, the innersurface 10 of which is .adapted to contact with the eX- ternal surfaceof the glass blank. This interior contacting surface 10 is very smoothand is highly polished in order that 'it will not make and leave anymarks upon the it. The angle of inclination or shape o' the surface.10'may be varied to effect the desired amount of cupping in or othershaping, which may vary under different conditions of use, saidvariationbeing accomplished without affect- A ing any of the operationsof our invention.

Integrally formed therewith and extending upwardly from the shapinghead9 at approximate'ly rlght angles is a hollow cylindrical or collarportion 11. This coll-ar por" tion 11" is internally threaded as at-12and the sleeve v13Iis adapted to be screwed into 1t. It, will be notedby referring to Figure 2 of the drawings that the sleeve 13 has alia-nge 14 at its upper4 portion, said sleeve being adapted to seat uponthe top of the collar 1 1 when the vsleeve 13 is screwed all the way in;andthe flange 14 is wide enough to extend over and out from the externalsurfaceof the said collar portion 11. y

The ,shaping head 9 is 'detachably securedjto,agreclprocating stem15,the means for reciprocatingthe stem 15 being hereinafter'more'.fsfully described. ln detachably securingjtheshaping head 9'tothe stem 15, we {preferablv employ a detachabl-e and hollowcouplingl,the upper end of which .is secured tothe stem 15 by the threaded portion17. The extreme lower external portion ofthe coupling 16 terminates in aflange 18, In attaching theshaping-.head 9 to the stem 15, we' firstsecurethe stem 15 .and coupling 16 at the threaded portion 17.

We then place the lower end or flanged portion 18 of the coupling` 16inside of the collar portion 11 (the sleeve. 13 at that time beingremoved), 4after which we screw the sleeve 13 in place in the collar 11until the flange 14 of the same 'seats upon the the sleeve 13 whenscrewed intoplace does not contact at all times with the `flange 18 ofthe coupling 16, but instead permits of a slight. upward movement of theflangedl (See Figures 2 and 43.) The 'reason for this will be explainedhereinv portion 18.

When thehollow coupling 16 is secured in place as described, an airchamber 19 is formed to which is connected a' constant supply lof fluid'pressure,- preferably air, through the pipe 2 0; The air may besupplied-through the pipe 2O from any suitable source and at anydesiredppressure-as necsuch a way that air will readily flow past itwhen the valve 23 is raised rom its seat. At or near the center of thetop of the bell portion of the shaping head 9 are air passages 25 whichregister with the opening 22 in the bottom ofl the coupling 16. 1twillbe 'noted that the flange 18 of the coupling 16 is adapted, in itslowermost position,

to seat upon the top portion of the bell 'shaped shaping head 9. It willbe noted further that the end of the wings 'of the valve stem 24 arecupped so that they4 will permit air to flowfreely under and past themwhen the end of the valve stem 24 is contacting with the top of the bellportion `of the shaping head 9. and the valve 23 is4 unseated. By theabove arrangemenhwhen the shaping head 9 is moved to ,contact with theglass blank 7. a collapsing movement between the shaping head 9 andcoupling 16 takes place, that is. the bell por-l tion of the shaping'head 9 will' first contactwith the topof the blank 7 and the stem 15will continue to move downward until the flange 18 of the coupling 16contacts with the top ofv the bell portion of the shaping headl 9. Thestem 15 continues to move downward and the shaping head 9 is moved downover the blank thereby shaping the contacting portion of the blank toconform to thev shape of the surface 10 'of the said shaping head 9.When the flanged portion 18 ofthe coupling 16 seats upon. the externalbell shaped portion as described, a sufficiently tight joint is formedat such contact-ing point to prevent the escape of air past the same upand around `the. co-upling 16.

When the shaping head 9 contacts with the glass blank -7 and vthe stem15 and couy pling 16 continue to move downwardly (see Figure 2), thestem 24 of the valve 23 is moved so as to unseat the valve 23,.permitting air pressure to flow from chamber 19, past valve 23,- and throughpassage to the interiorY of the bell portion of the shaping head 9 and,consequently, to the interior of the glass blank 7 which is beingshaped.

By this action, suiHcient air pressure is admitted to and acts upon` theinterior wall of the lglass blank 7 to counterbalance the l' pressure ofthe shaping head 9 on the external surface, -whereby the interior wallof the blank 7 is shaped and supported uniformly so that no crinkling orother deformation of the internal surface of the glass blank'occursduring the shaping period.

The shaping head 9 is of such shape-that a tight seal is made betweenits internal surface 10 and the external surfacev of the blank whentheycontact; therefore, unless otherwise provided for, when the shaping ver)conditions, the full downward movement oft the shapingy head 9 over theblank, we provide vent holes 69 which permit escape of part of the airso admitted. to the interior of the blank. The vent holes 69 are' ofsuch size that the` admission of air through the shaping head to theblank by the way of valve 23 and ports 25 is at a faster rate than' theexhaust of air through such vent preventthe esca I and so that when theflanged portlon 18 ofholes, wherebyair pressure is present `under theblank at all times during shaping to properly shape and support theinternal wall. It is obvious that there may be .instances where the airapplied is of such l low pressure lthat the above provision need not e'mada Insuch an event, the vent holes 69 may be omitted.

When supporting and-shaping :t blank internally, it is desirable thatthe -valve 23 beclosed when the shaping head 9 is moved away from theshaped tumbler in order to of airv during the inoperative period o theshaping head.' This is accomplished b y employin a removable andadjustable 'collar 26 aroun the coupling \16, this collar 26 being heldin place on the coupling 16 by suitably rovided set-screws'l' land 16,Between't is collar 26 and the ange 14;' of the' sleeve 13 is a coilspring 27 The collar 26 is so adjustable upon the .coupling 16 that freemovement of the coil spring 27 .in its release position isl preventedthe coupling'l moves toward .the bell portion 'of the shapingheadv9,'ftl1e-coil spring 27 will be compressed. With this construction, itis readily seen that as the shaping head 9 is moved out of contact withthe tumbler 7, the spring 27, which is Iunder com ression at that time,moves the shaping iead 9 away from the collar 26 until the flangedportion 18 `of the coupling 16 contacts with the bottom of thecollar'13,-

structure may comprisea casing 28 containing a piston chamber 29 withinwhich opcrates a differential piston 30. vThe larger face of this piston30 has a small projection 31 which prevents the said face of the piston30 from sealing against the cylinder head in its lowermost position sothat L.air pressure, when applied, will immediately become effectiveupon the entire piston face and cause the piston to move upwardly yquickly. Piston rings are provided in the piston 30 so as to preventleakage of air from one side to the other. Connected to and moved bythepiston 30 is a piston stem 32 which is of a comparatively large sizeandv which serves to reduce the area of the piston face to which. it isconnected belowv the area of the large piston face. The piston facecarrying the stem 32 and opposite the one having theA projection 31 willbe hereinafter termed the smaller piston face. The stem 32 extends upthrough and is guided by the valve casing 28, the proper` seal againstleakage at that point being provided by piston rings as shown inFigure 1. Suitably connected to the valve casing 28 and leading to thelarge face of the piston 30 is a pipe 33 through which air pressure isadmitted and exhausted; and connected to the smaller piston face is apipe 34 through which air pressure is admitted 'from the main supplypipe 35 through pipe connection 36. Air is intermittently admitted to iand exhausted from the large face of the piston -30 through the pipe33`as will be hereinafter described, while air ressure is constantlypresent upon and a 'tted to the smaller face of the piston 30l whereby'I the iston 30 with its stem 32 is intermittent y moved up and down.The up and down movement ofthe piston-30 is eected by its differentialconstruction, that is, when pressure is admitted to the large' face ofthe piston 30, the 'pressure acting on the smaller piston face isovercome and the piston 30 is moved upward; and, when pressure isexhausted from the large face of-the piston 30,

the constantpressure acting on the Asmaller plston face moves the saidpiston l30 downward.

The differential cylinder and piston struci ture is adjustably carriedon aV vertical standin the desired tightening up t e bolts 64 and 65. Byusing ard 60 which-is clamped to and held rigid by the plate o r arm 61.The plate or arm 6'1 is rigidly secured tothe carrier frame suchclamping means', it is obvious that the bolts 64 and 65 may be loosenedand the dierential cylinder` and piston structure moved up or down onthe standard or ro- .tated around the standard. s

. It will be understool that, valthough not.

shown, an asbestos shield or other adequate means is employed at theendsv of the heating chamber to retain the heat therein as' Wellas-protect our apparatus from the heat.

' Such shielding means, of course, is so shaped V.as to permit entranceand exit of the blanks carried by the carrier 2. The piston stem 32terminates in areduced portion' which has a drilled hole in its end forthe insertion of a bolt. At-

tached andA pivoted to the protruding end of the'piston stem 32 by abolt 40 isa lever 37 which is fulcrumed at 38 to'a support 39.

This support 39 is, rigidly secured to the casing 28 `as shown in Figurtothe stem 15 by a bolt or pin'4`1. The stem 15 is slidably held-andguided in true axial alignment with the glass article 7 by the guide 42on the arm 42a. This arm 42a is moved downward and vice versa.

It' will be noted that the differential pis. ton casing 28, support 39and guide arm 42n are secured and carried together as a single unit.Therefore, adjustment of the casing. '28 on the standard 60, ashereinbefore described, likewise'adjusts'the' support 39 and the guide sarm 42".; Adjustment -of these .I 'partsfis provided-to take care ofanyl variationin positon ofthe glass blank on the carrier 2;"suchvariation may -be caused by down and transferred the shapey and well asthes' eed rwith'whichf-the glass blank is carriedvv t rough the heatingchamber. Als'o, bythis unit construction, the apparatus as awhole'may-be.; easily set up or taken from oneplace to another.v Y 4 es1 andl 10.* 'Y The opposite end of the lever 37 is pivoted height of theglass blank as We have shown our invention as employed in connectionwith a continuously moving carrier 2 and it is, therefore, necessarythat the shaping head be moved upon and away from the blank at properintervals and in 7o a minimum length of time while the blank is beneaththe shaping head, otherwise distor' tion of the blank may take place. Topro? vide this, we employ the control valve 43 and its novel l'actuatingmechanism in addi- 75 tion to the mechanism already described. Obviouslyour invention is not' limited in application to a continuously movingblank,

`but may be employed where the motion of the blank is stopped orarrested during cupping-in operation.

The control valve 43 isrigidly mounted l the so and supported on thevertical standard by .the clamp 66. Itmay be comprised of a casinghaving a valve chamber 44, into one end of which is connected theconstant pressure supply pipe 35 and the other end of which forms avalve seat 45. (See Figure i .4 The supply pipev 35 may be a flexibleairpipe or. otherwise so that adjustment of the differential pistonstructure maytake placewithout breaking any pipe connection. Containedin the valve chamber 4 4 is a valve 46 which is adapted' to seat uponthe valve seat 45'. Thevalve 46 has an integral and 95 lap fitting stem-47 which extends out through and is guided in and by the valve casing.In the valve casing is a small atmospheric port 48.- That portion oflthe stem 47 adjacent the valve 46 is reduced in diam 190 eter suchl adistance back from the valve 46 thatl when the valve 46 is closedstem"47 moved out the small port 48 is open;

and when the stem 47 is moved in to unseat the valve 46, the la -itportion ofthe stem m5 47 closes and cuts o the small port 48,. By

the reduction in 'diameter of the stem 47 las' just described, a smallcavity 49 is formed around such reduced'stem.- Connected to the smallcavity 49` is a pipe l50- which is, 110l preferably, connected by aiexible connection to the pipe 33 leading to the larger face of thepiston 30. By this construction, it is obvious that, when the valve 46in the casing 43 is open and thesmall port 48 is closed 115 bythe stem47, constant fluidy pressure from the pipe, 35 is admitted to the valvechamber 44, past .valve 46 and through pipes 50 and 33 to the-large faceof the plston 30 whereupon thelpi'ston 30 isv moved upward 120 and theshaping head 9` moved downward; and that, vwhen'the valve 46 in thecasing 43 is closed (see `Figure 1), pressure is cut yoil' fromv the'largel face of the piston 30 and 'the said large face is in turnconnected to atmosphere by way ofpipes 33 and 50, cavity 49 A aroundthe' stem 47 and atmospheric port 48 whereupon th`e pistn 30 is moveddownward and they Y shaping head 9 moved upvs'ard.v

"The lap-fit portionl ofthe lstem 47 isA pro- 13 I vided with a groove67 into which extends and rides a in 68. Thispin 68 is rigidly.' securedin t e valve caslng as shown 1n of stem 47 is a stem extension 52. That`portionof the stem extension 52 which fits into the bifurcation isreduced in thickness and has ahole 53 ydrilled therein which is adaptedto align with the holes 5l in the bifurcated portion'of the stem 47 forse-v curing the stem 47 and the extension 52 together. The extreme endof the stem extension 52 is likewise biurcate and, having holes drilledtherein, is adapted to receive a roller 54 which is held in place by asuitably l.provided pin or bolt 54% The stem extension 52 is of suchlength that it exf tends out and over the endless carrier 2 in frictionat the contactin the path of the stemsv 4 ofV the blank supports on thecarrier 2 and is so placed that the stems 4 contact with the roller 54,the

points being reduced to a minimum by tiis roller.

We desire t0 effect the out and in movements of the stem 47 and,consequently, the seating and unseatin of the valve 46 and the resultantu an down movement of the shaping hea 9 in a minimum length of timewhile the blank is beneath "the shaping head. In providing this, weemploy a one way-hinge or knife type of joint between lthe stem 47 andthe extension 52 which per- -zsor c. This tendency creates an inwar mitsmovement of the stem extension 52 in one direction (that is, oppositethe direction which the carrierV 2 moves and toward the heating chamber1 as shown in Figure 1) and prevents movement in the opposite direction.We eii'ect this type of joint by roundingthe correspondingl oppositeouter corners of he bifurcation )o the stem 47 as shown in Figures 5 and8 and by rounding to a similar degree the inner corner of the .reducedportion of the stem extension 52 as shown in Figures 5 and 7. The othercorners of the respect-ive portions mentioned reamain approximatelysquare. p

In operation, with the "construction 'just described, as soon as theroller 54-passes the axial center of the su port stem 4, it' tends to\`roll on around behmdthe sup ort stem. pressure on the stem extension 52toward the heating chamber4 1. Also, at thisA time, the air pressure'inthe valve chamber 44 is exerting a pressure onfthe valve 46 and,consequently,

Leases@ toward the heating chamber 1. As the stem Y extension buckles orhinges inward, the roller 5 4 on the extension 52 trips inward be-1hindthe support' stem 4 and permits the' `movement of the valve stem 47to its full outward position toward the carrier 2 and, consequently, theseating of the valve 46 whereupon the large face of the piston 30 isvented to atmosphere and vthe shaping head 9 is moved upward away-fromthe shaped article. As soon as the Vsupport stem 4 has moved frombeneath the shaping head 9 and .out ot: alignment vwith the `valve stem47,

extension 52 is moved to its normal contact position by the leaf spring55 which is rign idly secured at one end to the valve casing 43.

ln employing the construction just. de- A scribed,it is readily seenthat the shaping head 9 is moved down uponand lshapes the blank as' soonas the blank moves'deenewthr it, that is, when the stem-4 of the supportcarrying. the blank contacts with the stem extension 52; and that theshaping head 9 is moved away from theshaped article `be- Afore it hasmoved from beneath and out of vertical alignment. ln other words, due tothe buckling or hinging inwardv of the stem extension 52, 'the stem 47is permitted to move out-ward, and valve 46 to seat before the supportstem 4 has moved past and out of alignment with the valve stem 47.

I n carryingout our invention it is also necessary that means? beprovided which in sure against improper ali nment of the blank support,and consequent y the glass blank, with the shaping head 9'due to lateralmovement of the carrier 2 and blank .supports when the stem extensioncontacts with the support stem 4. We have provided the arm 56.'(seeFigure 1) for this purpose. This arm 56 may be rigidly supported inanydesired anner so as to extend out and over the carr1 r 2. The extendingend of the arm 56 is bifu cate and hasjholes drilled therein.

The bif rcate portion of the arm 56 is adapte to receive a roller 584held in place bypressing a bolt or pin 57 through the said drilledholes. This arm 56 is so placed that its roller 58 contacts with thestems 4 of the blank supports on the endless carrier 2, but does notexert any lateral pressure thereon. This construction prevents lateralmovement ofthe mold su port when the stem extension 52v contacts wit thesupport stem 4, the friction at the contacting portion bein reduced to a`minimum by the use ofthe ro er 58.

In operatin, the glass blank is g placed upon a support onv the endlesscarrier 2 and carried 'through the heating chamberl 1. 'l

After the blank on its support has" passed aeaaeao .through the heatingchamber 1, andwhen it is 1n proper ali ent with the shaping head 9', thesupporlsltbm 4 contacts with the stem extension 52, moving .the vstem 47inward so as to unseat the valve 46. When the valve/46 is unseated, theatmospheric port 48 at this timebeing closed by the stem 47,

pressure is admitted from pipe 35, past valve 46, into pipes'50 and 33to the large face of the piston 30 whereby the said piston 30is movedupward and the shaping head 9 is moved downward over the glass blank tobe shaped. As the shaping head 9 moves downward over the blank, airpressure is'automatically admitted to the interior of the blank for thepurpose hereinbefore described.

VAs soon as -the contact point of the roller 54 in the stem extension 52passes the center of the support stem 4 the stem 47 is moved by thepressure acting on the valve 46 so as to close the valve 46, therebycutting off from y the large face of the piston 30 the pressure 'in pipe35 and in turn connecting the large face of the piston 30 to atmosphereby the way of pipes 33 and 50, cavity 49 and atmosphere connection 48,whereupon the piston 30 is moved downward and the shaping head 9 ismoved upward before the shaped blank has moved from beneath and out ofalignment with the shaping head. At the completion of this operation,the blank has been properly shaped and the shaping ap aratus is inposition for again making t e 'cycle -just described.

We have shown our invention as 'adapted to cupping in tumblers at acertain turnin angle, but it is obvious that the angle of turn-in of thetumbler wall may be varied to suit the desired conditions of use withoutdeparting from the scope of our invention. Furthermore, although we haveshown a certain shaped shaping member, we do not wish to be limited tosuch shape sinceit can be readily s'een that other shapes may be e uallywell employed to effect other various As apes inpt-umblers, dishes,vases, or other similar articles, without departing from the 4scope ofour invention.

Also, we have shown our invention as applied Vparticularly to the,cuppmg in of L tumblers, but it is obvious to those skilled in the artthat it-may be equally well. applied l lass articles :1s-dishes,- vases,or other sim1lar`glass articles. p

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is: v

to such 1. The method of treating lass containers which comprises.heating t eirfedgesv to plastic con 'tionk applying an externalann\ular 4:forming device to such edges and in ternally .bracing suchedges with iluidpres` sure.

2; The method of treatinv glass containers which comprises heating teirupper edges' toplastic condition, andcupping-in such edges by anannular'embracingl member while internally bracing such edges.

"3. The method of treatin glass containers 'I which comprises heating teir upper/edges to plastic condition, cupping-in lsuch edges by an`annular embracing member and internally bracing such edges with airpressure.

4 The method of treating glass containers vwhich comprises constrictingthe upper edges` thereof as the containers emerge from a heated zone ina relatively plastic condition while supporting from within by fluidpressure. l

5.l The method of treating glass containers 'which comprises embracingonly the upper walls thereof as they emerge from a heated chamber inv'relatively plastlc conditionwhile supporting from within by fluidpressure.

6. The method of treating glass containers which comprises shaping onlythe upper walls thereof as they emer e from a heated chamber inrelatively plastic condition with a conical member while supporting fromwithin by fluid pressure.

7 The method of treatingglass containers which com rises causing aconical bell member to em race the open ends'of said` containers andexert a bending stress upon the exterior surface of the upper portion ofthe-walls thereof while the walls .of the containers are being supportedfrom -within. 8. The method of treating 'glass containers whichcOmPriSes'Wedging a conical member down over the open end thereof whilein a relativelyplastic conditionand while supporting from within by Huidpressure.

9. The; method of treating glass articles lll() which comprises movingthe4 article through and sha ing thearticle by moving a hor-l zontallyimmovable shapin rmeans thereupon w 1e it is being move l along.

11. e method of shaping glass articles which comprises passing `aformedblank through aheating chamber and moving it beneath a.horizontally Aimmovable shaping means, moving the shaping means upon theheated blankl and' moving said shaping means away lfrom .the shapedblank before it has moved out of alignment therewith.

y12. In an apparatus for shapin` formed blanks, a heatlng chamber, meansor carrying the blank throughsaid heating chamber,

means for-a plying a bending stress to the exterior: sur ace of theupper ortion of the walls of said blanks, means or4 internallysupporting the vvalls of said blankduring l interior of the blank.

14. The method of cupping in the open ends of tumblers which comprisesheating a formed tumbler and passing a shaping member over the .open endthereof, While supporting the interior by fluid pressure.

15. An apparatus for shaping glass containers comprising means forAcarrying the article to be shaped, means for heating the article Whileit is being moved along, and

vmeans for applying a. bending stress to the exterior surface of theupper portion of the Wallsl of said containers Without interfering withthe course of travel of said containers.

16. An apparatus for shaping glass containers comprising means forcarrying the article to be. shaped, means forheating the article Whileit is being moved along, and

means for applying a bending stress to the exterior surface of the upperportion of the Walls of said containers Without interfering Withthecourse of travel of said containers,

and su porting the containers from within. .17. n apparatus' for shapingglass con-4 tainers comprising means, for carrying the article to beshaped, means for heating the article while it is being moved along, andmeans for .applying la bending stress tothe exterior surface of theupper portion of the Walls of said'containers without interfering withthe course of travel of said containers, and supportin the Walls of saidcontainers from within y fluid pressure.V

v 18. An apparatus for shaping glass con- 'tainers comprising means forcarrying the article tobe shaped, means for heating the article While itis being moved along, mechanical means for shaping the articleexternally without interfering with its travel, and simultaneouslyshaping said article internally with-fluid pressure.

19. An apparatus forv shaping glass con-4 tainers comprising means forcarrying the article to. be shaped, 4means for heating the article whileit is being moved along, means for shaping'the `article externallyWithout interfering with'its travel and simultaneousl'y'efec'tiv'e fluidpressure means, controlled. by the movement of said external shaping.

means forshaping the article internally.

20. An apparatus for shaping formed glass lblanks which comprises aheating chamber, means for. conveying the formed blanks through saidheating chamber, an an chamber, means for conveying the forme blankthrough said heating chamber, an

annular embracing .member operating in' timed relation with the blankcarrying means for applying a bending stress to the vl" n shaping formedglass blanks which comprises a heatmo" exterior surface of the upperportion of'the Walls of said blanks, and iuid pressure means for shapingthe said blank internally.

22. An apparatus for shaping formed glass blanks which comprises meansfor heating the blanks, *continuous kmeans for conveying the blankduring heating, means for shaping the said blank externally While it isprogressing along, and fluid pressure means controlled by movement ofthe said external shaping means for shaping the blank internally. v

23.1111 apparatus for shaping formed glass blanks which comprises aheating chamber, means for conveying the formed blank through saidheating chamber, means for applyinga bending stress to the exteriorsurface 'of the upper portion of the Walls of said blanks, and meansoperated by the movement of said stress applying means for admittingfluid pressure to the interior of said blank.

24. An, apparatus for shaping formed glass blanks Which comprises aheatingfloo glass blanks which comprises a heating chamber, means forconveying theformed blank through the said heating chamber, means forshaping `the said blank externally While moving along, and fluidpressure means controlled by movement of the external shaping means forshaping the blank internally.

26. An apparatus for shaping formed glass blanks which comprises aheating chamber, means for conveying the Vformed blank through the saidheating chamber, means for shaping the said blank externally whileprogressing along,` and fluid vpressure means controlled by movement ofthe external shaping means or supporting the entireblank internally.

l27. lIn a paratus for shaping formed glass artic es,l a. heatingchamber, means for carrying the articles through said heatlapplying 'abending. stress lto the exterior surface of the upper portion of theWalls of said 'heated articles.

`28..In apparatus for shaping formed blanks,' a lheating chamber, meansfor carrying the blanks through" said heating chamber, automaticallyactuated means for applying a bending stress to the exteriorsurface ofthe upper portion of the Walls of said blanks, and means for moving saidstress' applying means out' of contact with the shaped glass articlebefore said glass article has moved out of alignment with said stressapplying means.

- shaped glass blanks,

29. In an apparatus for shaping' formed a heating chamber, means forcarrying the blankthrough the heating chamber, means for shaping theblank externally, means for applying fluid pressure `for shapingtheblank internally, and means for discontinuing said lud pressure vbefore the article has moved out of shaping contact with the externalshaping means.

30. In an apparatus for shaping 'formed blanks, a heating chamber, meansfor carrying the blank through the heating chamber, means iorl shapingthe blank externally, means for applying fluid pressure for shaping theblank internally. vduring external shaping, and means for discontinuingthe application of said fluid pressure before the shaped glass articlehas moved out of shaping contact with the external shaping'means.

3l. In anapparatus for shaping formed blanks, `ai, heating chamber,continuously` blanks moving means for carrying the through said heatingchamber, means for surface of a ,bending stress to the exterior theupper portion of the Walls of said blanks While the blanks are moving,means for shaping the blanks internally, and means for arresting theaction of stress aprlyms v applying means before the said blank carryingmeans has moved out vof alignment with said stress f applying means. 32.An apparatus for shaping formed blanks, comprising a heating chamber,continnous carrier means for conveying the blank chamber, a horizontallyimmovable shaping head, means for moving head upon the blank when'rectly beneath', meansI for through the heating the vblank is applyingair pressure to the interior of the g jifor v tinuously iber, ashapingonly, automatically actuated' means for movblank `when thel shaping headis upon the blank, and lmeans for moving the said shaping headrom the'finished glass article b evhas moved from beneath the vsaid headi 1apparatus for shaping fformed blanks,'fcompri'sing a heating chamber,conmoving carrier means for conblank through the'heating chamheadmovable in :one direction veying the head upon the blank shaping member,

controlling the movement .of the said shapfl when the blank is directlybeneath, means ber, an embracing member for applying a bending stress tothe upper portion of the Walls of said blank, means controlled by themovement of the blank carrying means for moving said embracing memberfuon the blank when the blank is directly eneath, means for applying airpressure to the interior of the blank when the embracing member is incontact with the Walls of the blank, and means for moving said'embracing member ,from the linislied glass article before it has movedfrom beneath said embracing member.

35. An apparatus forl shaping formed blanks comprising a means forconveying the blanks through said heating chamber, anA embracing memberfor has moved from beneath the said heating chamber, carrierl applying abending stress to the upper poition of` the Walls of said blank, meansfor moving said embracing member into lcontact with the Walls of theblank IWhen said-blank `is directly beneath, means for a plying airpressure to the interior of the'glank When theV embracing member is incontact with-the Walls of said blank, and means controlled by themovement of said -bl'ank carrying means for moving'said embracing memberfrom the finished glass article. 36. In an apparatus for shaping glass-articles, continuously moving means for carrymeans tor heating thearticle as it is moved along, a and valve mechanism for ics ing thearticle, means for supporting 4said article on the said carrying means,

ing member to and from the moving glass article While -such article isin alignment therewith, said valve mechanism comprising a valve having astem which extends out and over the article carrying means so that itsouter end'contacts-vv'ith vthe said article' sup- 4 porting means, thesaid stem being so jointed that its contacting end will hinge or bucklein a direction oppositethe movement ofthe said glass article before saidglass article has moved outof 'alignment with the said shaping member.l

37. In an ap the' combination of an article carrying means, a shapingmeans, valve mechanism for controlling themovement of .the shaping meansupon and away from the articleshaped, said valve mechanism comprising avalve having an attached stem which carries paratus of the ytypedescribed,

a roller at its outer end for contacting with the article carrying meansas it passes to actuate thesaid valve to move the said shaping meansupon the said article, said stem being jointed to hinge or buckle in adirection opposite the movement of the article carrying means wherebythe contacting portion of the said stem moves behind and past the saidarticle carrying means to actuate the said valve to move the saidshaping means away from the said article before it has moved frombeneath said shaping means.

38. The methol of constricting the open end of a plastic glass tumblerwhich comprises moving `a forming tool thereonto and applying fluidpressure to the interior of said tumbler to Iprevent distortion of anyvother part thereof. 39. That step in the manufacture of glass articleswhich comprises cupping-in the lopen end thereof with an externallyapplied means and simultaneously supporting the in- 1,63s,62o iterior ofsaid article to prevent distortion I reducing tool to the exterior ofsaid article while applying fluid pressure to the interior thereof to.shape the interior of said article and prevent distortion thereof bysaid reducing tool.

41. An apparatus for shaping glass containers comprising means forcarrying the article through a heating zone, an annular member forapplying a bending stress to the exterior surface of the upper portionof the Walls of said containers to effect a capping in of the edgesthereof, and fluid pressure means for shaping the containers internally.

In testimony whereof We hereby affix our signatures.

VIRGIL o. CORNWELL.

ALBERT MOELLER.

